The prestigious scientific journal PNAS has published earlier this month the results of an Italian laboratory proving harm of two neonicotinoids (clothianidin and imidacloprid) on honey bees' immune system.

Very low doses of clothianidin (0.1 µg/kg, lower than the concentrations found in pollen, nectar and honey) have shown to decrease honey bees' immunity and trigger viral replication.

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